Revisiones, conceptos, análisis de casos, staffs médicos y otros documentos relacionados con hematología benigna, hematología maligna y oncología clínica.

2015-01-25

Highlights of the 2015 ASCO GI Cancer Symposium

Based on CancerNetwork.

MM-398 (A Liposomal Irinotecan) + 5-FU/Leucovorin  improves survival in patients with pancreatic cancer previously treated with gemcitabine.
1. MM-398 Combo Shows Benefit in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: Li-Tzong Chen, MD, PhD, presenting results from the phase III NAPOLI-1 trial, which found that combining MM-398 with 5-FU/leucovorin chemotherapy in metastatic pancreatic cancer patients previously treated with gemcitabine-based therapy resulted in improved survival compared with 5-FU/leucovorin alone. The overall survival analysis showed an advantage for patients taking the combination MM-398 plus 5-FU/leucovorin (6.1 months vs 4.2 months; stratified hazard ratio [HR] = 0.57; P = .0009). There was no significant survival advantage for patients assigned MM-398 alone compared with 5-FU/leucovorin alone. 

Some patients with stage I-III rectal cancer MAY avoid surgery
2. Low-Risk Group Can Avoid Surgery for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A retrospective analysis of 145 stage I–III rectal cancer patients shows that those patients who have a complete response after chemoradiotherapy and chemotherapy had a similar 4-year survival rate regardless of whether they had surgery or opted for surveillance. In general, about 40% of patients with stage I–III disease have disappearance of their tumors after systemic therapy. The 4-year overall survival rate was 91% and 95% in the no surgery and standard surgery groups, respectively. There was no difference in the rate of distant recurrences between the two groups. “These data continue to suggest that non-operative management does not compromise oncologic outcome, and that preservation of the rectum is achieved in a majority of patients,” concluded the authors. 

Second-line Ramucirumab benefit restricted to elevated AFP levels in patients with hepato-cellular carcinoma
3. Baseline AFP Levels Affect Ramucirumab Benefit in HCC: Andrew X. Zhu, MD, PhD, of Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, presenting results from the phase III REACH study, which found that alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels could serve as a prognostic indicator in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with second-line ramucirumab. Treatment with ramucirumab resulted in a significant survival advantage for patients with a baseline AFP level of 400 ng/mL or greater (7.8 months vs 4.2 months; HR = 0.674; P = .0059). The drug did not confer a survival advantage among patients with lower baseline AFP levels (10.1 months vs 11.8 months). 

AMG-337, a MET Inhibitor, highly active in patients with MET-amplified gastroesophageal tumors
4. Small Molecule MET Inhibitor Active in Gastroesophageal Cancer: Of the 13 patients with MET-amplified tumors treated once daily with AMG-337, a small molecule MET inhibitor, 8 had a partial or near complete response. AMG-337 is a potent and selective inhibitor that targets both wild-type and some mutant forms of MET. The subset of patients with MET-amplified gastroesophageal junction, gastric, and esophageal cancers responded to treatment. One responder had tumor shrinkage of more than 90%. Based on these phase I results, a phase II trial in MET-amplified gastroesophageal junction, gastric, and esophageal cancers is currently ongoing. 


Minimally invasive esophagectomy affords less short-term morbidity in phase III trial
5. Minimally Invasive vs Open Esophagectomy in Esophageal Cancer: Christophe Mariette, MD, PhD, of the department of digestive and oncologic surgery, Claude Huriez University Hospital, presenting data from the phase III MIRO study that compared hybrid minimally invasive esophagectomy with open esophagectomy in 207 patients with esophageal cancer. There was a lower rate of postoperative morbidity in the minimally invasive arm compared with the open esophagectomy arm (35.9% vs 64.4%; P = .0001) and fewer pulmonary complications (17.7% vs 30.1%; P = .037). There was no difference in 30-day mortality (4.9% in each arm of the trial). The findings provide evidence for the short-term benefits of minimally invasive surgery for patients with resectable esophageal cancer. 

Bevacizumab + FOLFOXIRI arm doubles 5-year survival compared to Bevacizumab + FOLFIRI in metastatic colorectal cancer trial
6. Adding Bevacizumab to Aggressive Chemo Regimen Doubles 5-Year Colorectal Cancer Survival: Frontline treatment with FOLFOXIRI chemotherapy plus bevacizumab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer improved survival over FOLFIRI chemotherapy with bevacizumab by 4 months. The median overall survival was 29.8 months in the FOLFOXIRI group compared with 25.8 months in the standard FOLFIRI treatment group (P = .030). Patients in the FOLFOXIRI treatment arm were 20% less likely to die of their disease compared with those in the control arm. The more intensive chemotherapy regimen also doubled the 5-year overall survival rate from 12.4% in the FOLFIRI treatment arm to 24.9% in the FOLFOXIRI treatment arm. 

Anti-PD-1 therapy active in gastric cancer
7. Immunotherapy Produces Response in Gastric Cancer: Of the 39 advanced gastric cancer patients treated with the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody pembrolizumab, 22.2% had an objective response. The median time to response was 8 weeks. Five patients (13.9%) had stable disease. The median duration of response was 24 weeks and ranged from 8 to more than 33 weeks. The 6-month progression-free survival rate was 24% and the 6-month overall survival rate was 69%. The median follow-up was 8.8 months. 

Radiation therapy as effective and less toxic than chemoradiation for palliation of dysphagia
8. Radiation Therapy as Effective as Chemoradiotherapy at Reducing Dysphagia in Esophageal Cancer: Michael Gordon Penniment, MBBS, FRANZCR, MBA, of the Royal Adelaide Hospital, presenting results of a multinational phase III study that compared radiotherapy with chemoradiotherapy for the palliation of dysphagia in patients with advanced esophageal cancer. In patients treated with radiation therapy alone, 41% achieved a maintained improvement in swallowing; in patients treated with chemoradiotherapy, 47% achieved an improvement (P = .4163). Bowel toxicity was worse in patients who received chemoradiotherapy. 

Higher Vitamine D Levels correlate with better colorrectal cancer outcomes
9. Higher Vitamin D Levels, Better Colorectal Cancer Outcomes: Newly diagnosed metastatic colorectal cancer patients with higher vitamin D levels had better outcomes after treatment with a combination of chemotherapy and targeted therapy. The difference in median overall survival between the patients in the highest and lowest quintile of vitamin D levels was 8.1 months. The median overall survival was 32.6 months among patients with the highest vitamin D levels compared with 24.5 months for patients with the lowest vitamin D levels (P = .002). Patients with higher concentrations of circulating vitamin D were 20% less likely to have disease progression compared with those with low circulating vitamin D levels (P = .02). 

Lanreotide delays disease progression in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
10. Lanreotide Delays Disease Progression in PNETs: Alexandria T. Phan, MD, presenting results of the CLARINET study, which found that lanreotide autogel/depot delayed disease progression in patients with metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs). The trial randomized 91 patients to receive either lanreotide (n = 42) or placebo (n = 49). Median progression-free survival was not reached at study end in patients who received lanreotide vs 12.1 months in those who received placebo. The evidence of lanreotide’s antitumor effects along with favorable long-term safety data support the drug’s use as a first-line treatment for PNETs. 

Me too, Ramucirumab increases some breaths to a near breathlessness in second-line colorectal cancer...
11. Another Angiogenesis-Targeting Antibody Active in Advanced Colorectal Cancer: The combination of ramucirumab, an antiangiogenesis antibody, and second-line FOLFIRI chemotherapy delayed disease progression and increased survival slightly in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who had previously progressed on first-line therapy. Patients treated with ramucirumab plus FOLFIRI were 16% less likely to die of their disease compared with those treated with FOLFIRI alone (P = .0219). 

References
1. Chen L-T, Von Hoff DD, Li C-P, et al. Expanded analyses of napoli-1: Phase 3 study of MM-398 (nal-IRI), with or without 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin, versus 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin, in metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPAC) previously treated with gemcitabine-based therapy. 2015 ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium. Abstract 234.
2. Smith JJ, Chow OS, Eaton A, et al. Organ preservation in patients with rectal cancer with clinical complete response after neoadjuvant therapy. 2015 ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium. Abstract 509.
3. Zhu AX, Ryoo B-Y, Yen C-J, et al. Ramucirumab (RAM) as second-line treatment in patients (pts) with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): Analysis of patients with elevated α-fetoprotein (AFP) from the randomized phase III REACH study. 2015 ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium. Abstract 232.
4. Kwak EL, LoRusso P, Hamid O, et al. Clinical activity of AMG 337, an oral MET kinase inhibitor, in adult patients (pts) with MET-amplified gastroesophageal junction (GEJ), gastric (G), or esophageal (E) cancer. 2015 ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium. Abstract 1.
5. Mariette C, Meunier B, Pezet D, et al. Hybrid minimally invasive versus open oesophagectomy for patients with oesophageal cancer: A multicenter, open-label, randomized phase III controlled trial, the MIRO trial. 2015 ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium. Abstract 5.
6. Cremolini C, Loupakis F, Masi G, et al. FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab (bev) versus FOLFIRI plus bev as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): Updated survival results of the phase III TRIBE trial by the GONO group. 2015 ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium. Abstract 657.
7. Muro K, Bang Y-J, Shankaran V, et al. Relationship between PD-L1 expression and clinical outcomes in patients (Pts) with advanced gastric cancer treated with the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody pembrolizumab (Pembro; MK-3475) in KEYNOTE-012. 2015 ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium. Abstract 3.
8. Penniment MG. Full report of the TROG 03.01, NCIC CTG ES2 multinational phase III study in advanced esophageal cancer comparing palliation of dysphagia and quality of life in patients treated with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. 2015 ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium. Abstract 6.
9. Ng K, Venook AP, Sato K, et al. Vitamin D status and survival of metastatic colorectal cancer patients: Results from CALGB/SWOG 80405 (Alliance). 2015 ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium. Abstract 507.
10. Phan AT, Caplin ME, Pavel ME, et al. Effects of lanreotide autogel/depot (LAN) in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs): A subgroup analysis from the CLARINET study. 2015 ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium. Abstract 233.
11. Tabernero J, Cohn AL, Obermannova R, et al. RAISE: A randomized, double-blind, multicenter phase III study of irinotecan, folinic acid, and 5-fluorouracil (FOLFIRI) plus ramucirumab (RAM) or placebo (PBO) in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal carcinoma (CRC) progressive during or following first-line combination therapy with bevacizumab (bev), oxaliplatin (ox), and a fluoropyrimidine (fp). 2015 ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium. Abstract 512.
12. Shah MA, Cho JY, Tan IB, et al. Randomized phase II study of FOLFOX +/- MET inhibitor, onartuzumab (O), in advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEC). 2015 ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium. Abstract 2.
- See more at: http://www.cancernetwork.com/conference-report/top-highlights-2015-asco-gi-cancers-symposium?GUID=55E68B2A-A7AF-4582-936D-065FF6175374&XGUID=&rememberme=1&ts=24012015#sthash.NBpzx60O.dpuf


2015-01-21

Curso de Oncología CES 2015 - 01

Página web del curso

Programa definitivo curso de Oncología CES 2015-01  (28/01/2015)

Descripción de los cambios:

Sustituciones: José Julián Acevedo (no puede asumir las clases porque lo aceptaron en una rotación de oncología en la Mayo Clinic en Rochester). Mateo Mejía se encarga de sus clases. Fernando Herazo se encarga de la clase de cirugía oncológica. 

Cambios de horarios: Mauricio Luján (oncología gastrointestinal) cambia de hora con David Gómez (radioterapia). Se consolida el bloque de ginecología oncológica para la mañana del viernes después de radioterapia, y se traslada carcinoma metastásico de primario desconocido a la tarde del jueves, todas a cargo de Milena Roldán.


Introducción y generalidades (Mauricio Lema)

Lunes
2015.02.02.14:00 Bienvenida, Introducción a la oncología (Mauricio Lema)
2015.02.02.15:00 Qué es el cáncer, conceptos básicos (Mauricio Lema)
2015.02.02.16:00 El problema del cáncer, en el Mundo, en Colombia, para el médico (Mauricio Lema)

Ciencias básicas, factores de riesgo, tamizaje, detección precoz y principios terapéuticos en oncología.

Martes
2015.02.03.07:00 Biología del cáncer - 1: Conceptos fundamentales (Mauricio Lema).
2015.02.03.08:30 Biología del cáncer - 2: Vías de señalización críticas en oncología y oncohematología (90 min) (Mauricio Lema)
2015.02.03.14:00 Factores de riesgo en oncología - cómo intervenirlos? (Mateo Mejía)
2015.02.03.15:30 Emergencias oncológicas (90 min) (Mateo Mejía)

Miércoles
2015.02.04.07:00 Tamizaje oncológico (Milena Roldán)

2015.02.04.09:00 Detección precoz del cáncer (Milena Roldán)
2015.02.04.11:00 Principios de tratamiento oncológico 1: Conceptos básicos de cirugía oncológica (90 minutos) (Fernando Herazo) (NUEVO)
2015.02.04.14:00 Cáncer de colon, recto y estómago (120 minutos) (Mauricio Luján)
2015.02.04.16:00 Principios de tratamiento oncológico 2: Conceptos básicos de terapia sistémica (120 minutos) (Mauricio Lema) (NUEVO)

Algunos tumores sólidos seleccionados

Jueves
2015.02.05.06:00 Cáncer de próstata (Mauricio Lema)
2015.02.05.08:00 Cáncer de mama (Rubén Darío Salazar)
2015.02.05.14:00 Cáncer de pulmón (Diego Morán)
2015.02.05.16:00 Carcinoma metastásico de primario desconocido (90 minutos) (Milena Roldán)

Viernes
2015.02.06.07:00 Principios de tratamiento oncológico 3: Conceptos básicos de radioterapia oncológica (90 minutos) (David Gómez)

2015.02.06.08:30 Cáncer de cérvix uterino (Milena Roldán)
2015.02.06.10:30 Carcinoma de ovario (90 minutos) (Milena Roldán)

Bloque de hemato-oncología 

2015.02.06.13:30 Enfoque de pacientes con tumores hematológicos (90 min) (Mauricio Lema)
2015.02.06.15:00 Conceptos generales de leucemias agudas y crónicas (90 min) (Mauricio Lema)
2015.02.06.16:30 Conceptos generales de neoplasias linfoides (linfomas y mieloma) (120 min) (Rubén Darío Salazar)

-----------------

Programa preliminar inicial (como fue inicialmente pensado)
Introducción y generalidades (Mauricio Lema)
2015.02.02.14:00 Bienvenida, Introducción a la oncología (Mauricio Lema)
2015.02.02.15:00 Qué es el cáncer, conceptos básicos (Mauricio Lema)
2015.02.02.16:00 El problema del cáncer, en el Mundo, en Colombia, para el médico (Mauricio Lema)

Ciencias básicas, factores de riesgo, tamizaje, detección precoz y principios terapéuticos en oncología.

2015.02.03.07:00 Biología del cáncer - 1: Conceptos fundamentales (Mauricio Lema).
2015.02.03.08:30 Biología del cáncer - 2: Vías de señalización críticas en oncología y oncohematología (90 min) (Mauricio Lema)
2015.02.03.14:00 Factores de riesgo en oncología - cómo intervenirlos? (José Julián Acevedo)
2015.02.03.15:30 Emergencias oncológicas (90 min) (José Julián Acevedo)

2015.02.04.07:00 Tamizaje oncológico (Milena Roldán)

2015.02.04.09:00 Detección precoz del cáncer (Milena Roldán)
2015.02.04.11:00 Principios de tratamiento oncológico 1: Conceptos básicos de cirugía oncológica (90 minutos) (Dr. Díaz) (NUEVO)
2015.02.04.14:00 Principios de tratamiento oncológico 2: Conceptos básicos de radioterapia oncológica (90 minutos) (David Gómez)
2015.02.04.16:00 Principios de tratamiento oncológico 3: Conceptos básicos de terapia sistémica (120 minutos) (Mauricio Lema) (NUEVO)

Algunos tumores sólidos seleccionados

2015.02.05.06:00 Cáncer de próstata (Mauricio Lema)
2015.02.05.08:00 Cáncer de mama (Rubén Darío Salazar)
2015.02.05.14:00 Cáncer de pulmón (Diego Morán)
2015.02.05.16:00 Cáncer de cérvix (Milena Roldán)
2015.02.05.17:00 Cáncer de ovario (Milena Roldán) - EN DISCUSIÓN (Posible toxicidad de información para el estudiante)

2015.02.06.07:00 Cáncer de colon (Mauricio Luján)

2015.02.06.09:00 Cáncer de estómago (60 min) (Mauricio Luján)
2015.02.06.11:00 Carcinoma metastásico de primario desconocido (90 minutos) (Milena Roldán)

Bloque de hemato-oncología 

2015.02.06.13:30 Enfoque de pacientes con tumores hematológicos (90 min) (Mauricio Lema)
2015.02.06.15:00 Conceptos generales de leucemias agudas y crónicas (90 min) (Mauricio Lema)
2015.02.06.16:30 Conceptos generales de neoplasias linfoides (linfomas y mieloma) (120 min) (Rubén Darío Salazar)

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